Nonce

A random or non-repeating value that is included in data exchanged by a protocol, usually for the purpose of guaranteeing the transmittal of live data rather than replayed data, thus detecting and protecting against replay attacks.
See CNSSI 4009-2015 from IETF RFC 4949 Ver 2 for more information.

A time-varying value that has at most a negligible chance of repeating; for example, a random value that is generated anew for each use, a time-stamp, a sequence number, or some combination of these. It can be a secret or non-secret value.
See the following for more information:
NIST SP 800-135 Rev. 1 under Nonce

NIST SP 800-102 under Nonce

NIST SP 800-90A Rev. 1 under Nonce

NIST SP 800-56B Rev. 2 under Nonce

NIST SP 800-133 Rev. 2 under Nonce
NIST SP 800-108r1

NIST SP 800-56C Rev. 2 under Nonce

A value that is used only once within a specified context.
See the following for more information:
NIST SP 800-38C under Nonce
NIST SP 800-38D under Nonce

NIST SP 800-38A under Nonce

A randomly generated value used to defeat “playback” attacks in communication protocols. One party randomly generates a nonce and sends it to the other party. The receiver encrypts it using the agreed upon secret key and returns it to the sender. Because the sender randomly generated the nonce, this defeats playback attacks because the replayer cannot know in advance the nonce the sender will generate. The receiver denies connections that do not have the correctly encrypted nonce.
See NIST SP 800-44 Version 2 under Nonce for more information.

A value used in security protocols that is never repeated with the same key. For example, nonces used as challenges in challenge-response authentication protocols SHALL not be repeated until authentication keys are changed. Otherwise, there is a possibility of a replay attack. Using a nonce as a challenge is a different requirement than a random challenge, because a nonce is not necessarily unpredictable.
See the following for more information:
NIST SP 800-63-3 under NonceNIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 from NIST SP 800-63-3


See Nonce
See NISTIR 8202 under Cryptographic Nonce from NISTIR 8202 for more information.

See Cryptographic Nonce
See NISTIR 8202 under Nonce for more information.